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991.
微生物浸出技术是处理低品位矿石的有效措施。但目前我国主要针对硫化矿的自养微生物浸出进行研发,而对异养微生物浸出氧化型矿石研究很少。异养微生物可通过其产生的代谢产物的酸解、还原、碱解及络合作用来提取或者溶解低品位氧化物型镍钴矿中的镍、钴金属,有助于解决目前我国镍钴资源短缺及为重金属污染治理提供技术方法。本文针对低品位氧化型镍钴矿、风化壳、以及冶金渣、废电池、废催化剂等二次资源,介绍了世界镍钴资源的现状和低品位氧化物型镍钴矿的资源类型,对异养微生物浸出低品位氧化物型镍钴矿研究现状进行了剖析,指出了异养微生物冶金的主要浸矿条件和存在难题,提出了氧化物型镍钴矿微生物浸取的研究方向。 相似文献
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994.
Jigang Xi Shijian Fu Zhendong Cao Jianglan Peng Jing Peng Tingting Dai Lili Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(8):1672-1679
The potential risks of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are of increasing ecological concern. Swimming performance is linked to the fitness and health of fish. However, the impacts of PFOS on swimming performance remain largely unknown. We investigated the ecotoxicological effects of acute exposure to PFOS on the swimming performance and energy expenditure of juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus). The fish were exposed to a range of PFOS concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, 8 and 32 mg/L) for 48 hr. The spontaneous swimming activity, fast-start swimming performance, critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and active metabolic rate (AMR) of the goldfish were examined after exposure to PFOS. PFOS exposure resulted in remarkable effects on spontaneous activity. Motion distance was reduced, and the proportion of motionless time increased with increasing concentrations of PFOS. However, no significant alterations in the fast-start performance-related kinematic parameters, such as latency time, maximum linear velocity, maximum linear acceleration or escape distance during the first 120 msec after stimulus, were observed after PFOS exposure. Unexpectedly, although PFOS exposure had marked influences on the swimming oxygen consumption rates and AMR of goldfish, the U crit of the goldfish was not significantly affected by PFOS. This may result in a noteworthy increase in the energetic cost of transport. The overall results indicate that, in contrast to spontaneous activity, underlying swimming capabilities are maintained in goldfish after short-term exposure to PFOS, but energy expenditure during the process of swimming is dramatically aggravated. 相似文献
995.
Biosorption of clofibric acid and carbamazepine in aqueous solution by agricultural waste rice straw
Zhanguang Liu Xuefei Zhou Xiaohua Chen Chaomeng Dai Juan Zhang Yalei Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(12):2384-2395
Due to their widespread use, clofibric acid (CA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) have been frequently detected simultaneously at relatively high concentrations in aquatic environments. In this study, agricultural waste rice straw was employed as a potentially low-cost, effective and easy-to-operate biosorbent (RSB) to remove CA and CBZ. The adsorption of both pharmaceuticals followed pseudo second-order kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion was an important rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherms of both drugs were fit well with Freundlich model. The adsorption of CA onto RSB was exothermic and was more likely to be dominated by physical processes, while the adsorption of CBZ was endothermic. Solution pH was determined to be the most important factor for CA adsorption, such that the adsorption capacity of CA onto RSB increased with the decline of solution pH. In the lower range of solution pH below 3. l, the CA removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of biosorbent dosage. The CBZ removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of RSB dosage without pH control. The maximum adsorption capacities were 126.3 mg/g for CA and 40.0 mg/g for CBZ. 相似文献
996.
Evaluating anaerobic biodegradability of sludge and then identifying the stabilization of digestate is necessary in sludge treatment and disposal. 48 sludge samples from 24 typical waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) in 11 provinces in China were selected to investigate the relationship between Biochemical Acidogenic Potential (BAP) test and Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test. The volatile fatty acid (VFA) production obtained from BAP tests was found linearly related to the ultimate methane production from corresponding BMP tests. Satisfying results were obtained with Pearson correlation coefficient as 0.929 and R2 value as 0.76. Furthermore, the physio-chemical characteristics (FCI, SUVA254, E4/E6) of supernatant, which were associated with humic-like substances (HS), were investigated before and after BMP tests. Through which a new criterion (FCI>1.50, SUVA254>1.10, E4/E6<4.0) was proposed to evaluate the stabilization level of anaerobic digested sludge. 相似文献
997.
国际环境法对我国环境保护的启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了国际环境法的内涵、基本原则和发展过程,报告了我国环境保护法律体系立法趋于逐渐完善但滞后性明显的现状,从立法和执法的角度分析了我国现阶段环境保护法存在执行不利的问题,建议以推进国际环境法的实施和完善为契机,制定明细的配套法规,强化执法力度;加强各行政机关间的交流与合作,统筹应对复杂的环保形势;发达地区扶持不发达地区发展环保事业,推进我国环保事业的进步。 相似文献
998.
Abstract Cities based on mining are distinctive from other cities in China. Their heavy dependence on minerals, a relatively undiversified industrial structure, seriously damaged ecological environment and the rather low degree of openness have all reduced their competitiveness, and severely constrained and hindered their sustainable development. In this paper the authors will study mining-based cities from the perspective of sustainable development, first by having a critical review of their features, and then by researching into strategic options to support their sustainable development. 相似文献
999.
本溪市环境质量“十五”与“九五”相比有了明显好转,本文就环境质量现状分布规律及变化因素进行了综合分析,并提出了进一步改善环境质量的对策。 相似文献
1000.
改性聚丙烯生物填料的制备与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对传统聚丙烯生物填料(简称普通填料)进行改性,考察了改性聚丙烯生物填料(简称改性填料)用于模拟废水生物处理的效果。实验结果表明,改性填料比普通填料具有更高的废水处理效率和更大的挂膜量,并能承受更高的气液比(体积比)及气流和水流的冲击。将模拟废水的COD(500mg/L)完全去除,用改性填料时需10.5h,而用普通填料时则需22.5h;在连续运行模式下,改性填料在气液比为40:1时可使废水COD的去除率最高(99%),而普通填料则在气液比为30:1时可使废水COD的去除率最高(79%)。 相似文献